tympanum
What is the carving above a door called?
pediment, in architecture, triangular gable forming the end of the roof slope over a portico (the area, with a roof supported by columns, leading to the entrance of a building); or a similar form used decoratively over a doorway or window. The pediment was the crowning feature of the Greek temple front.
What is the term for the semi circular space above the entryway of a church usually decorated with sculpture?
tympanum (plural, tympana): The basically semicircular area enclosed by the arch above the lintel of an arched entranceway. This area is often decorated with sculpture in the Romanesque and Gothic periods.
Is the area above the arched doorway of the church?
In Romanesque architecture, the tympanum constitutes the area between the lintel over a doorway and the arch above. During the 11th and 12th centuries in Europe, tympana over church portals were decorated with intricate and stylized relief sculpture.
What is the purpose of a tympanum?
Amphibians like frogs, some reptiles and many insects use this protective circular patch of skin stretched over a ring of cartilage (just like a drum) to transmit sound waves to the middle and inner ear for interpretation by the brain. For a frog, the tympanum allows it to hear both in the air and below the water.
What is the name of the semi circular structure above the doors?
A tympanum (plural, tympana; from Greek and Latin words meaning “drum”) is the semi-circular or triangular decorative wall surface over an entrance, door or window, which is bounded by a lintel and an arch. It often contains pedimental sculpture or other imagery or ornaments.
What do you call a wall that juts out?
In architecture, a corbel is a structural piece of stone, wood or metal jutting from a wall to carry a superincumbent weight, a type of bracket. A corbel is a solid piece of material in the wall, whereas a console is a piece applied to the structure.
Where is the tympanum located?
The tympanic membrane is also called the eardrum. It separates the outer ear from the middle ear.
What is an example of tympanum?
One example of a tympanum is above the west doorway of the Cathedral of Saint Lazare in France.
What are the ceilings in churches called?
In architecture, a vault (French voûte, from Italian volta) is a self-supporting arched form, usually of stone or brick, serving to cover a space with a ceiling or roof.
What are parts of a church called?
The nave is the main part of the church where the congregation (the people who come to worship) sit. The aisles are the sides of the church which may run along the side of the nave. The transept, if there is one, is an area which crosses the nave near the top of the church.
What do you mean by pediment?
Definition of pediment
1 : a triangular space that forms the gable of a low-pitched roof and that is usually filled with relief sculpture in classical architecture also : a similar form used as a decoration.
What is an Archivolt in architecture?
archivolt, molding running around the face of an arch immediately above the opening. The architectural term is applied especially to medieval and Renaissance buildings, where the archivolts are often decorated with sculpture, as in the archivolts on the west facade of Chartres cathedral (1140–50).
What is the semicircle of an arch?
Also known as the Roman arch, the Semicircular Arch forms a half circle and is a major feature of all Roman architecture.
What is a rounded arch called?
Elliptical Arch: This is also known as an oval arch.
What is a stub wall?
A low wall, monolithically placed with a concrete floor (or other members) so as to provide for the control and attachment of wall forms.
What is the top of a half wall called?
The top of a pony wall is often finished with a wood cap. Usually, this cap overhangs the wall by an inch or so to create enough space to run molding to hide the joint. Used this way, pony walls are a great way to separate spaces while preserving long, interior views that make both areas feel larger.
What’s the difference between a vestibule and a narthex?
A vestibule is a passage, hall, or room between the outer door and the interior of a building, whereas the narthex is a porch or lobby that connects the outside to the main worship area.
What is a church porch called?
Such a room is sometimes called a parvise which spelt as parvis normally means an open space or colonnade in front of a church entrance.
What is the area behind the ear called?
The mastoid is located just behind the ear.
What is promontory ear?
The promontory (promontorium) is a rounded hollow prominence, formed by the projection outward of the first turn of the cochlea; it is placed between the fenestræ, and is furrowed on its surface by small grooves (Groove of promontory), for the lodgement of branches of the tympanic plexus.
What is a tympanum in Gothic architecture?
tympanum : (plural, tympana): The basically semicircular area enclosed by the arch above the lintel of an arched entranceway. This area is often decorated with sculpture in the Romanesque and Gothic periods.
What are the advantages of a pointed arch over a round arch?
As a result, pointed arches can exceed the height of the average Roman arch, allowing for much taller buildings and therefore more interior space. This system also places less stress on the walls, which can be made thinner (Roman walls were pretty thick) and lighter, which again allows for even greater height.
What is the stage at the front of a church called?
Overview. The chancel is generally the area used by the clergy and choir during worship, while the congregation is in the nave.
What is a pulpit canopy called?
Pulpits sometimes have a canopy above them. This is known as the sounding board and is normally made from wood. Though sometimes highly decorated, the sounding board has a useful acoustic effect in projecting the preacher’s voice to the congregation below.
What is a domed ceiling called?
Dome Vaulted Ceiling
It is a dome that is recessed into your standard ceiling. It’s also popular in entryways and other small spaces because it can give the appearance that the entire ceiling is domed.
What is a church vault?
A crypt (from Latin crypta “vault”) is a stone chamber beneath the floor of a church or other building. It typically contains coffins, sarcophagi, or religious relics.
What are the three parts of the church?
the Church Triumphant, which consists of those who have the beatific vision and are in Heaven. These divisions are known as the “three states of the Church,” especially within Catholic ecclesiology.
What is on top of a church?
In architecture, a steeple is a tall tower on a building, topped by a spire and often incorporating a belfry and other components. Steeples are very common on Christian churches and cathedrals and the use of the term generally connotes a religious structure.
What era is Rose Window?
rose window, also called wheel window, in Gothic architecture, decorated circular window, often glazed with stained glass. Scattered examples of decorated circular windows existed in the Romanesque period (Santa Maria in Pomposa, Italy, 10th century).
What religion believes in portals?
The Judaism Portal
Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenant that God established with the Israelites, their ancestors. It encompasses a wide body of texts, practices, theological positions, and forms of organization.
What is an architectural pediment?
pediment, in architecture, triangular gable forming the end of the roof slope over a portico (the area, with a roof supported by columns, leading to the entrance of a building); or a similar form used decoratively over a doorway or window.
What are pediments and Pediplains?
A pediplain is an extensive flat terrain formed by the coalescence of pediments. A pediment is a gently sloping bedrock surface created by lateral erosion or by mechanical weathering.
What is a barrel vault in architecture?
A barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault, wagon vault or wagonhead vault, is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance.
Where are the archivolts located?
Archivolts are usually found as a part of a church portals, on the underside of the arches above the tympanum, bracketing the lintel and ending on the jamb columns, each archway usually has several layered archivolts.
Why do arched dam walls curved upstream?
An arch dam is a concrete dam that is curved upstream in plan. The arch dam is designed so that the force of the water against it, known as hydrostatic pressure, presses against the arch, causing the arch to straighten slightly and strengthening the structure as it pushes into its foundation or abutments.
What is different types of arches?
The many forms of arch are classified into three categories: circular, pointed, and parabolic. Arches can also be configured to produce vaults and arcades. Rounded, i. e. semicircular, arches were commonly used for ancient arches that were constructed of heavy masonry.
What is the example of semicircle?
If you cut a circular pizza along its diameter, you will get two semicircles that are equal in shape and size.
What are arches called?
The arch can be called a curved lintel. Early masonry builders could span only narrow… In masonry construction, arches have several great advantages over horizontal beams, or lintels.
What does a Doric column look like?
Doric-style columns were typically placed close together, often without bases, with concave curves sculpted into the shafts. Doric column capitals were plain with a rounded section at the bottom (the echinus) and a square at the top (abacus).
What is parapet wall?
parapet, a dwarf wall or heavy railing around the edge of a roof, balcony, terrace, or stairway designed either to prevent those behind it from falling over or to shelter them from attack from the outside.
What is a monolithic wall?
Monolithic means “all in one pour” so the foundation is constructed in one single pour that is made up of a concrete slab with thicker areas under load bearing walls and all perimeter edges to take the place of footers.
What is a partial wall?
A partial wall is one you can add by tapping on a wall from within the room itself. This is recognized as an entirely new wall and you may add doors, windows and other wall objects to it. A partial wall will also render when the “elevation feature” is activated for the room’s walls.
What is a knee wall foundation?
A basement knee wall is a poured concrete wall, with a height of 2 to 3 feet, built to protect damaged basement walls. They are most commonly built in older houses where the existing basement wall is starting to crack or bow due to water seepage or lateral load from the exterior of the basement.
Why is a pony wall called that?
Pony walls differ from knee walls, which are generally intended to support something such as a countertop, handrail, or rafter. The supposed origins of pony walls confirms the name: It’s said short walls were originally added to stables for ponies.
What is a foundation pony wall?
Foundation Pony Wall
The term pony wall is used to refer to a load-bearing wall that rests on the sill plate of a foundation and supports the joists of the floor above it. These walls are sometimes called cripple walls, and they carry the load of the entire structure and transmit it to the foundation.